General Management Systems Ltd

Active
Incorporated on 12 Jan 1996

Reg Address: 2nd Floor Parkgates, Bury New Road Prestwich, Manchester M25 0TL

Company Number 03145666
Company Status Active
Incorporation Date 12 Jan 1996
Total Assets £1.6M £-35.36K (-2.2%)
Company Type Ltd
Country of Origin United Kingdom
Total Charges 13
Charges (Outstanding) 0
Charges (Partly Satisfied) 0
Charges (Satisfied) 13
Accounts Last Made 31 Mar 2023
Accounts Type Micro-entity
Accounts Next Due 29 Dec 2024
Ruturns Last Made -
Ruturns Next Due -
Confirmation Statement Last Made 12 Jan 2024
Confirmation Statement Next Due 26 Jan 2025
Average Number of Employees 2

Company Classifications:
68320 - Management of real estate on a fee or contract basis

Summary The company with name "General Management Systems Ltd" is a ltd and located in 2nd Floor Parkgates, Bury New Road Prestwich, Manchester M25 0TL. General Management Systems Ltd is currently in active status and it was incorporated on 12 Jan 1996 (28 years 8 months 12 days ago). Details about company profile is given in below sections.

Company Financials

Overview of company financial details and comparison for the last 2 years.

Following is the chart showing overview of the company assets and liabilities in last few years. Also there are details about company finances for current year and comparison with the last year.

Accounts Period Covered Start Date

1 Apr 2022
Accounts Period Covered End Date

31 Mar 2023
Total Assets

£1.6M ^{£-35.36K (-2.2%)} _{change vs prev year}
Total Liabilities

£-55596
Equity

£1.65M ^{£+33.93K (+2.1%)} _{change vs prev year}
Equity (Share Capital)

-
Investments in Group Undertakings

-
Creditors

£--1.59K ^{£+334 (+26.5%)} _{change vs prev year}
Current Assets

£1.36M ^{£-86.95K (-6%)} _{change vs prev year}
Net Assets

£1.65M ^{£+33.93K (+2.1%)} _{change vs prev year}
Net Current Assets

£1.36M ^{£-77.33K (-5.4%)} _{change vs prev year}
Total Assets Less Current Liabilities

£1.59M ^{£-25.74K (-1.6%)} _{change vs prev year}
Debtors

-
Cash In Bank

-
Fixed Assets

£237.26K ^{£+51.59K (+27.8%)} _{change vs prev year}
Property, Plant and Equipments

-
Accounts Currency

GBP
Average Number of Employees

2

Directors and Secretaries

List of all Directors and Secretaries in General Management Systems Ltd.

Following are the details about company officers including Directors and Secretaries.

#	Name	Role	Appt Date	Nationality	Status
1	Andrew Spencer Berkeley	Director	31 Mar 2022	British	Active
2	Benjamin Sam Lachs	Director	31 Mar 2022	British	Active
3	Daniella Ruth Berkeley	Secretary	7 Dec 2018	-	Active
4	Vanessa Shane Marks	Secretary	29 Jan 1996	Israeli	Resigned 7 Dec 2018
5	David Samuel Hammelburger	Secretary	29 Jan 1996	British	Resigned 13 Jan 1997
6	David Samuel Hammelburger	Director	29 Jan 1996	British	Active
7	TEMPLES (NOMINEES) LIMITED	Corporate Nominee Secretary	12 Jan 1996	-	Resigned 29 Jan 1996
8	TEMPLES (PROFESSIONAL SERVICES) LIMITED	Nominee Director	12 Jan 1996	-	Resigned 29 Jan 1996

Persons with Significant Control

List of all persons/companies with sigificant control.

Following are the details about all persons and companies who have sigificant control over the company.

#	Name	Notified	Nationality	Status
1	Mr David Hammelburger Natures of Control: Individual Person With Significant Control Voting Rights 25 To 50 Percent	6 Apr 2016	Israeli	Active

Latest Filing Activity

List of company filings like confirmation statements, accounts for General Management Systems Ltd.

Following are the details about company filings including confirmation statements, accounts, new director appointments and others.

#	Filing Type	Filing Date
1	Accounts - Micro Entity	2 May 2024	Download PDF
2	Accounts - Change Account Reference Date Company Previous Shortened	28 Mar 2024	Download PDF
3	Confirmation Statement - No Updates	26 Jan 2024	Download PDF
4	Confirmation Statement - No Updates	26 Jan 2023	Download PDF
5	Accounts - Micro Entity	20 Jun 2022	Download PDF
6	Accounts - Micro Entity	25 May 2021	Download PDF
7	Accounts - Change Account Reference Date Company Previous Shortened	25 Mar 2021	Download PDF
8	Confirmation Statement - No Updates	18 Jan 2021	Download PDF 3 Pages
9	Accounts - Micro Entity	3 Jul 2020	Download PDF 4 Pages
10	Accounts - Change Account Reference Date Company Current Shortened	3 Apr 2020	Download PDF 1 Pages
11	Confirmation Statement - Updates	28 Jan 2020	Download PDF 5 Pages
12	Accounts - Change Account Reference Date Company Previous Shortened	3 Jan 2020	Download PDF 1 Pages
13	Miscellaneous - Legacy	31 May 2019	Download PDF 4 Pages
14	Accounts - Micro Entity	12 Mar 2019	Download PDF 3 Pages
15	Confirmation Statement - Updates	7 Mar 2019	Download PDF 5 Pages
16	Capital - Return Purchase Own Shares	8 Jan 2019	Download PDF 3 Pages
17	Capital - Cancellation Shares	8 Jan 2019	Download PDF 4 Pages
18	Resolution	8 Jan 2019	Download PDF 7 Pages
19	Accounts - Change Account Reference Date Company Previous Shortened	20 Dec 2018	Download PDF 1 Pages
20	Accounts - Change Account Reference Date Company Previous Extended	19 Dec 2018	Download PDF 1 Pages
21	Officers - Termination Secretary Company With Name Termination Date	7 Dec 2018	Download PDF 1 Pages
22	Officers - Appoint Person Secretary Company With Name Date	7 Dec 2018	Download PDF 2 Pages
23	Officers - Change Person Director Company With Change Date	14 May 2018	Download PDF 2 Pages
24	Persons With Significant Control - Change To A Person With Significant Control	11 May 2018	Download PDF 2 Pages
25	Accounts - Micro Entity	3 Apr 2018	Download PDF 3 Pages
26	Accounts - Change Account Reference Date Company Previous Shortened	19 Mar 2018	Download PDF 1 Pages
27	Confirmation Statement - No Updates	16 Jan 2018	Download PDF 3 Pages
28	Accounts - Change Account Reference Date Company Previous Shortened	21 Dec 2017	Download PDF 1 Pages
29	Accounts - Total Exemption Small	31 Mar 2017	Download PDF 5 Pages
30	Accounts - Change Account Reference Date Company Previous Shortened	20 Mar 2017	Download PDF 1 Pages
31	Confirmation Statement - Updates	31 Jan 2017	Download PDF 5 Pages
32	Accounts - Change Account Reference Date Company Previous Shortened	22 Dec 2016	Download PDF 1 Pages
33	Annual Return - Company With Made Up Date Full List Shareholders	25 Feb 2016	Download PDF 4 Pages
34	Accounts - Total Exemption Small	15 Dec 2015	Download PDF 5 Pages
35	Accounts - Total Exemption Small	12 Mar 2015	Download PDF 5 Pages
36	Annual Return - Company With Made Up Date Full List Shareholders	26 Jan 2015	Download PDF 4 Pages
37	Accounts - Change Account Reference Date Company Previous Shortened	22 Dec 2014	Download PDF 1 Pages
38	Accounts - Total Exemption Small	28 Jan 2014	Download PDF 4 Pages
39	Annual Return - Company With Made Up Date Full List Shareholders	23 Jan 2014	Download PDF 4 Pages
40	Officers - Change Person Director Company With Change Date	23 Jan 2014	Download PDF 2 Pages
41	Address - Change Registered Office Company With Date Old	23 Jan 2014	Download PDF 1 Pages
42	Accounts - Change Account Reference Date Company Previous Shortened	23 Dec 2013	Download PDF 1 Pages
43	Annual Return - Company With Made Up Date Full List Shareholders	22 Jan 2013	Download PDF 4 Pages
44	Accounts - Total Exemption Small	10 Jan 2013	Download PDF 4 Pages
45	Accounts - Change Account Reference Date Company Previous Shortened	21 Dec 2012	Download PDF 1 Pages
46	Accounts - Total Exemption Small	20 Mar 2012	Download PDF 4 Pages
47	Annual Return - Company With Made Up Date Full List Shareholders	31 Jan 2012	Download PDF 4 Pages
48	Accounts - Change Account Reference Date Company Previous Shortened	21 Dec 2011	Download PDF 1 Pages
49	Accounts - Total Exemption Small	18 Jan 2011	Download PDF 4 Pages
50	Officers - Change Person Secretary Company With Change Date	12 Jan 2011	Download PDF 1 Pages
51	Annual Return - Company With Made Up Date Full List Shareholders	12 Jan 2011	Download PDF 4 Pages
52	Accounts - Change Account Reference Date Company Previous Shortened	30 Dec 2010	Download PDF 1 Pages
53	Accounts - Total Exemption Small	31 Jan 2010	Download PDF 4 Pages
54	Annual Return - Company With Made Up Date Full List Shareholders	29 Jan 2010	Download PDF 5 Pages
55	Annual Return - Legacy	21 Jan 2009	Download PDF 4 Pages
56	Accounts - Total Exemption Small	21 Dec 2008	Download PDF 4 Pages
57	Annual Return - Legacy	6 Mar 2008	Download PDF 6 Pages
58	Accounts - Total Exemption Small	17 Jan 2008	Download PDF 3 Pages
59	Annual Return - Legacy	27 Feb 2007	Download PDF 7 Pages
60	Accounts - Total Exemption Small	9 Feb 2007	Download PDF 4 Pages
61	Mortgage - Legacy	4 Nov 2006	Download PDF 2 Pages
62	Mortgage - Legacy	4 Nov 2006	Download PDF 2 Pages
63	Mortgage - Legacy	4 Nov 2006	Download PDF 2 Pages
64	Mortgage - Legacy	4 Nov 2006	Download PDF 2 Pages
65	Mortgage - Legacy	4 Nov 2006	Download PDF 2 Pages
66	Mortgage - Legacy	4 Nov 2006	Download PDF 2 Pages
67	Annual Return - Legacy	9 Mar 2006	Download PDF 7 Pages
68	Accounts - Total Exemption Small	23 Jan 2006	Download PDF 3 Pages
69	Annual Return - Legacy	28 Jan 2005	Download PDF 7 Pages
70	Accounts - Total Exemption Small	17 Jan 2005	Download PDF 4 Pages
71	Mortgage - Legacy	2 Mar 2004	Download PDF 2 Pages
72	Mortgage - Legacy	2 Mar 2004	Download PDF 2 Pages
73	Mortgage - Legacy	2 Mar 2004	Download PDF 2 Pages
74	Mortgage - Legacy	2 Mar 2004	Download PDF 2 Pages
75	Annual Return - Legacy	25 Feb 2004	Download PDF 7 Pages
76	Accounts - Total Exemption Small	7 Jan 2004	Download PDF 4 Pages
77	Mortgage - Legacy	4 Jul 2003	Download PDF 3 Pages
78	Annual Return - Legacy	17 Mar 2003	Download PDF 7 Pages
79	Accounts - Total Exemption Small	8 Jan 2003	Download PDF 4 Pages
80	Mortgage - Legacy	22 Oct 2002	Download PDF 2 Pages
81	Annual Return - Legacy	1 Mar 2002	Download PDF 7 Pages
82	Accounts - Total Exemption Small	24 Jan 2002	Download PDF 4 Pages
83	Mortgage - Legacy	18 Jan 2002	Download PDF 3 Pages
84	Mortgage - Legacy	2 Nov 2001	Download PDF 3 Pages
85	Mortgage - Legacy	2 Nov 2001	Download PDF 3 Pages
86	Annual Return - Legacy	23 Feb 2001	Download PDF 7 Pages
87	Accounts - Small	14 Dec 2000	Download PDF 4 Pages
88	Mortgage - Legacy	7 Nov 2000	Download PDF 2 Pages
89	Mortgage - Legacy	7 Nov 2000	Download PDF 2 Pages
90	Accounts - Small	4 Apr 2000	Download PDF 3 Pages
91	Mortgage - Legacy	30 Mar 2000	Download PDF 7 Pages
92	Mortgage - Legacy	30 Mar 2000	Download PDF 3 Pages
93	Annual Return - Legacy	8 Feb 2000	Download PDF 7 Pages
94	Mortgage - Legacy	14 Jan 2000	Download PDF 3 Pages
95	Mortgage - Legacy	22 Sep 1999	Download PDF 7 Pages
96	Mortgage - Legacy	22 Sep 1999	Download PDF 3 Pages
97	Mortgage - Legacy	5 May 1999	Download PDF 3 Pages
98	Annual Return - Legacy	3 Apr 1999	Download PDF 6 Pages
99	Accounts - Small	13 Nov 1998	Download PDF 3 Pages
100	Mortgage - Legacy	20 May 1998	Download PDF 7 Pages

Mutual Companies

List of companies mutual between directors of this company.

Following are the details about companies which are mutual between director of this company.

#	Name	Status
1	Dunlop Properties (No 2) Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
2	Dunlop Properties Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
3	Tyne Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
4	Tyne Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
5	Stafford Road Properties Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
6	Palmerwell Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
7	Deeside Estates Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
8	Midpoint Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
9	Trendstar Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
10	David Samuel Holdings Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
11	Airport Estates Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
12	Pridlon Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
13	Midpoint Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
14	Saltash Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
15	Birkenhead Assets (No 2) Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
16	Lochlomond Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active - Proposal To Strike Off
17	Neath Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
18	Dolphin Nominees (Uk) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
19	Elgin Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
20	Ds & As Investments Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
21	Northwich Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
22	Birkenhead Assets Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
23	Compass Asset Holding Company Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
24	Northwich Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
25	Neath Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
26	Tannochside Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
27	Fordbeck Properties Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
28	Hackney Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
29	Kings Road Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
30	Kings Road Assets (No 2) Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
31	Lakelarge Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
32	Compass Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
33	Compass Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
34	Surecourt Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
35	David Samuel Management Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
36	Dearne Valley Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Live But Receiver Manager On At Least One Charge
37	Wallis Assets Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Live But Receiver Manager On At Least One Charge
38	Treforest Estates Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Live But Receiver Manager On At Least One Charge
39	Dearne Valley Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Live But Receiver Manager On At Least One Charge
40	Wallis Assets (No 2) Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Live But Receiver Manager On At Least One Charge
41	Finegood Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
42	Crawley Assets Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Live But Receiver Manager On At Least One Charge
43	Carrwood Properties (No. 2) Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Live But Receiver Manager On At Least One Charge
44	Jewish Futures Trust Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
45	Aish Hatorah Uk Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	Active
46	Pennant Park Properties Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
47	Aldridge Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
48	Origo Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
49	Aldridge Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
50	Blackburn Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
51	Hazlewood Properties (No2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
52	Highgrange Investments Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
53	Wakefield Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
54	Hazlewood Properties Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
55	Keynsham Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
56	Bushmill Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
57	Wakefield Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
58	Keynsham Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
59	Blackburn Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
60	Ardsley Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
61	Bushmill (No 2) Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
62	Ironchurch Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
63	Merthyr Estates Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
64	Canberra Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
65	Ventura Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
66	Lincoln Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
67	Marlow Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
68	Chessington Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
69	Wimbledon Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
70	Milton Keynes Assets (No 3) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
71	Chard Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
72	Holtonheath Properties Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
73	Hinckley Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
74	Crewe Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
75	Llantrisant Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
76	Heywood Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
77	Holtonheath Properties (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
78	H. Rigg Properties (Burnley) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
79	Mannaberg Properties (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
80	Chester Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
81	Huntsman Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
82	Bradford Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
83	Canberra Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
84	Cumbernauld Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
85	Winwick Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
86	Ventura Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
87	Hillfield Investments Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
88	Barbot Properties (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
89	Wimbledon Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
90	Bristol Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
91	Marlow Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
92	Merchants Quay Properties Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
93	Vantage Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
94	Octane Assets (No 2) Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
95	Milton Keynes Assets (No 4) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
96	Uddingston Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
97	Bristol Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
98	Ardenfell Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
99	Bradford Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
100	Burnley Assets (No 2) Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
101	Chartserve Investments Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
102	Tredegar Properties Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
103	Tredegar Properties No 2 Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
104	Segensworth Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
105	Belfast Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
106	Barbot Properties Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
107	Crewe Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
108	Killingworth Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
109	Vantage Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
110	Llantrisant Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
111	Walker Lane Estates Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
112	Octane Assets Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
113	Chard Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
114	Calver Properties Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
115	Crewe Holding Co Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
116	Chester Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
117	St James Assets (No 2) Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
118	Mannaberg Properties Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
119	Calver Properties (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
120	Lincoln Assets Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
121	Burnley Assets Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
122	Ardsley Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
123	Chessington Assets (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
124	Merthyr Estates (No 2) Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
125	Carrwood Properties Ltd Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved
126	Crewe Green Properties Limited Mutual People: David Samuel Hammelburger	dissolved